ÇáÝÑÞ È*ä ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*ÜÀ æ ÇáÃãÜÑ**ÜÀ...
ÇÎÊáÇÝ Ý* áÝÙ ÇáÍÑæÝ æÇáßáãÇÊ Èá Ã*ÖÇð ÍÊì Ý* ãÎÇÑÌ ÇáÍÑæÝ È*ä ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌá*Ò*É ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*É ãä äÇÍ*É æÇáÃãÑ*ß*É ãä äÇÍ*É ÃÎÑì ...
æãä ÃãËáÉ Ðáß ßáãÉ stop
äÞÑÄåÇ :
ÈÇáÇäÌá*Ò*É ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*É (ÓÊæÈ)
æÈÇáÃãÑ*ß* (ÓÊÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÈ) Ã* ÇáæÇæ ÊÕÈÍ ÃáÝÇ
ãËÇá ÂÎÑ:
ÊÚÊãÏ ÇááåÌÉ ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*É Åáì ÚÏã áÝÙ ÍÑÝ ÇááÂÑ R
ÚäÏãÇ *ÃÊ* ÞÈáåÇ ÍÑÝ ÚáÉ ... ãËá :
far, near, here, for, core, shore
ÊÞÑÄåÇ Úáì ÇáÊæÇá* ßãÇ *á*:
ÝÇÇ¡ ä***¡ å* **¡ Ýææ , ßææ¡ Ôææ
ÃãÇ ÇáÃãÑ*ß*É Ý*Êã áÝÙ ÇáÍÑÝ R ÈÕæÑÉ ãÝÎãÉ æ ÙÇåÑÉ ... æÊÞÑà :
ÝÇÑ , ä**Ñ , å**Ñ , ÝæÑ , ßæÑ , ÔæÑ
ÃãÇ ãä Í*Ë ÇáãÚÇä* æÇáÊÚÇÈ*Ñ ¡ Ý*æÌÏ åäÇáß ÇÎÊáÇÝÇÊ Ý* ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáßáãÇÊ È*ä ÇáÅäÌá*Ò*É ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*É .. æÇáÅäÌá*Ò*É ÇáÃã*Ñß*É .. ãä Í*Ë :
1) ÇáÃÑÞÇã :
*ÞÑà ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*æä ÇáÃÑÞÇã æ*ßÊÈæäåÇ ãÖ*Ý*ä áåÇ ÍÑÝ ÇáÌÑ ( æ ) ãËá
- ãÆÉ æ ÅËäÇä æ ÓÊæä
one hundred and sixty-two
- ÃáÝÇä æËáÇËÉ
two thousand and three
È*äãÇ Ý* ÇááåÌÉ ÇáÃã*Ñß*É Ýåã *ÍÐÝæä ÍÑÝ ÇáÌÑ ( æ ) ãËá
two thousand three
Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä Ãä ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ( æ ) ÔÇÆÚ Ã*ÖÇð .
æÊäØÈÞ ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÚäÏ äØÞ ÇáÃáæÝ æÇáãáÇ**ä ..
Ó*ÞÑÃåÇ ÇáãÊÍÏË ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä* ÈåÐå ÇáØÑ*ÞÉ
"four hundred and thirteen thousand"
È*äãÇ *äØÞåÇ ÇáÇã*Ñß* ÈÕæÑÉ ÃÈÓØ
"four hundred thirteen thousand"
æ*ÚÊÈÑ ÞÑÇÁÉ ÇáÑÞã ÈåÐå ÇáÕæÑÉ ..
"four hundred and thirteen thousand" .
Û*Ñ ÕÍ*Í æÝÞÇð ááÌãÚ*ÇÊ ÇáÑ*ÇÖ*É ÇáÃã*Ñß*É .
Ý* ÇãÑ*ßÇ ÊäØÞ ÇáßÓæÑ .. ãËá
513.7
"five hundred thirteen and seven tenths"
È*äãÇ Ý* ÈÑ*ØÇä*Ç .. ÊÞÑÃ
"five hundred and thirteen point seven".
*ÓÊÚãá ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*æä ÚÇÏÉ ßáãÇÊ ááÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä ÇáÕÝÑ .. ãËá
"zero", "nought", or "oh"
æ*ÓÊÎÏã ÇáÇã*Ñß*æä ÈßËÑÉ ãÕØáÍ .. zero
2) ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÃÒãäÉ :
Ý* ÇáÅäÌá*Ò*É ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä*É .. *ÓÊÎÏãæä Òãä ÇáãÖÇÑÚ ÇáãÓÊãÑ ááÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä ÍÏË
æÞÚ Ý* ÇáãÇÖ* ÇáÞÑ*È ÈÇÓÊÎÏÇã already , just , and yet
æÝ* ÇáÃã*Ñß*É *ÓÊÎÏãæä Òãä ÇáãÖÇÑÚ ÇáãÓÊãÑ ááÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä ÍÞ*ÞÉ ãÚ*äÉ
Ãæ ÇáãÇÖ* ÇáÈÓ*Ø ááÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä ÇáÊæÞÚ ..
æÞÏ ÔÇÚ åÐÇ ÇáÃÓáæÈ ÝÞØ ãäÐ ÇáËáÇË*ä ÓäÉ ÇáãÇÖ*É
"Have you done your homework yet?" / "Did you do your homework yet?"
"I've just got home." / "I just got home
"I've already eaten." / "I already ate
Ý* ÈÑ*ØÇä*Ç .. *ÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÚá*ä
have got or have
ááÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä Çáãáß*É
æÇáÝÚá*ä
have got to and have to
ÇáÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä ÇáÖÑæÑÉ Ãæ ÇáÍÇÌÉ ßÃÝÚÇá Çá model
æÝ* ÇáÅäÌá*Ò*É ÇáÃã*Ñß*É .. *ÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÚá got
ÈÔßá Û*Ñ ÑÓã* ááÊÚÈ*Ñ Úä åÐå ÇáãÚÇä* ..
"I got two cars,"
"I got to go".
ÇáÝÑÞ È*ä ÇáäØÞ ÇáÈÑ*ØÇä* æÇáÇãÑ*ß*
( 1 ) ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãäÊå*É ÈÜÜÜÜÜÜ ( our – or ) :
ÇáãÚä* ÈÑ*ØÇä*É / ÃãÑ*ß*É
ãßÇä ãÙáá arbor arbour
ÏÑÚ armor armour
Óáæß behavior behaviour
áæä Color colour
*ÍÇæá endeavor endeavour
ãÚÑæÝ Favor favour
ÊæåÌ fervor fervour
ÝÊäÉ , ÓÍÑ glamor glamour
ãÑÝà harbor harbour
ÔÑÝ honor honour
ãÒÇÌ , ÏÚÇÈÉ humor humour
Úãá labor labour
ÌÇÑ neighbor neighbour
ÑÇÆÍÉ , ÚØÑ odor odour
ÑÏåÉ parlor parlour
ÍÞÏ rancor rancour
ÅÔÇÚÉ rumor rumour
ãäÞÐ , ãÎáÕ savior saviour
ÈåÇÁ , ÑæÚÉ splendor splendour
ÈÎÇÑ vapor vapour
äÔÇØ vigor vigour
( 2 ) ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãäÊå*É ÈÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ( re – er ) :
ÇáãÚäì ÈÑ*ØÇä*É / ÃãÑ*ß*É
ãÑßÒ center centre
á*Ý fiber fibre
ãÊÑ meter metre
ÞÑÔ piaster Piastre
ÏÇßä somber sombre
ãÓÑÍ theater theatre
( 3 ) ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãäÊå*É ÈÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ( logue – log ) :
ÇáãÚäì ÈÑ*ØÇä*É / ÃãÑ*ß*É
äÔÑÉ ãÚáæãÇÊ catalog catalogue
ÍæÇÑ dialog dialogue
ãäÇÌÇÉ ÐÇÊ*É monolog monologue
ãÞÏãÉ prolog prologue
( 4 ) ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊ* *ÖÇÚÝ Ý*åÇ ÇáÍÑÝ ÇáÃÎ*Ñ ÞÈá ÇááÇÍÞÉ :
ÇáãÚäì ÈÑ*ØÇä*É / ÃãÑ*ß*É
ãÓÇÝÑ traveler traveller
ãÓÊÔÇÑ counselor conunseller
ÌæÇåÑ* jeweler jeweller
ãÊÚÈÏ worshiper worshipper
ÎÇØÝ kidnaper kidnapper
( 5 ) ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãäÊå*É ÈÜÜÜÜ ( ce-se ) :
ÇáãÚäì ÈÑ*ØÇä*É / ÃãÑ*ß*É
ÏÝÇÚ defense defence
ÊÑÎ*Õ license licence
ÅÓÇÁÉ offense offence
ÇÏÚÇÁ pretense pretence
( 6 ) ßáãÇÊ ãÊäæÚÜÜå:
ÇáãÚäì ÈÑ*ØÇä*É / ÃãÑ*ß*É
Ô*ß ãÕÑÝ* check cheque
ÑãÇÏ* gray grey
ÔÇÑÈ mustache moustache
ÈÇÆÚ ãÊÌæá pedlar peddler
ãÍÑÇË plow plough
ÈÑäÇãÌ program programme
ãäÇãÉ ( È*ÌÇãÇ ) pajamas pyjamas
ßÈÑ*Ê sulfur sulphur
ÅØÇÑÇ áÚÌáÉ tire tyr